Background: Radial forearm free flap is the work horse in head and neck reconstruction. The venous drainage of the flap is by both superficial and deep group of veins. Aim of the Study: To compare the efficacy of venous drainage by single superficial vein (cephalic vein) with dual vein (cephalic vein & venae comitantes) in radial forearm free flaps and its impact on flap survival. Patient and methods- A total of 154 patients undergoing radial forearm free flap for reconstruction following resections of head and neck cancer were studied prospectively . In group 1 (75 cases) only cephalic vein was used as the draining vein and in Group 2 (79 cases) both cephalic vein & one venaecomitantes were used as the draining vein. Patients with non availability of cephalic vein as a result of chemotherapy or injury were excluded from the study. Data were retrieved frompatients' files and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 15.0. Observation and Results: The flap survival rate was 97.33% (73/75) in Group 1 versus 98.73% (78/79) in Group 2. The result is analysed statistically by using SPSS computer software version 15.0. and the P value > 0.50 (c² with Yates' correction=0.00206555, df=1) stastically not significant. Conclusion: Though two vein anastomosis may provide a more fail safe theoretical advantage, single superficial vein (Cephalic) provides effective and adequate drainage with less operative time and no additional morbidity.

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Background: Penile anomalies especially hypospadias are one of the most common genitourinary anomalies seen in newborns, and they pose a great deal of psychological stress to their mothers. This study examined our experience in the management of hypospadias. Patients: and Methods A retrospective study of all patients (Group A) managed for hypospadias from 2004 to 2013 was conducted. Data obtained included patients’ demography, their clinical presentation and management. These were analysed and compared with a similar study (Group B) conducted in this hospital four decades earlier between 1966 and 1977. Results: Forty-eight patients belonging to Group A had repair of hypospadias in comparison to the 42 patients in Group B. The mean age at presentation in Group A was 2.7 ± 4 years, and the anomaly was discovered at birth in all the patients. In contrary, Group B had 32 (76.2%) patients who presented immediately after birth and 10 (23.8%) patients who were either adolescents or adults (12–36 years) with a mean age of 18.9 years. Anterior hypospadias occurred more commonly in both groups; 10 (20.8%) patients were circumcised in Group A and 4 (9.5%) patients in Group B. Surgical site infection was the most common post-operative complication observed in both groups. The type of surgical repair was observed to have significantly influenced the outcome of surgical repair in patients in Group A (χ² = 14.13, P = 0.05). Conclusion: Proper and successful management of hypospadias can be enhanced in this environment with adequate media advocacy directed at prompt recognition of this anomaly and avoidance of circumcision when hypospadias has been identified.

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Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become a popular tool for wound healing. The use of domestic material has been reported, but it is still not completely documented. We present the use of a domestic NPWT on traumatic wounds to achieve a final minimal reconstructive surgery. We treated three patients presenting with traumatic skin loss of the abdomen, lower leg, and foot with domestic NPWT. A wall suction was used as the source of negative pressure and gauzes as interface over the wounds. We documented the size of wounds, the anatomic structure exposed, the number and the length of cycles of NPWT, and the final reconstructive procedure. The cycles of NPWT ranged 3–5 days. A good granulating tissue appeared in range 17–21 days. Exposed urinary bladder, fractured metatarsal, and fractured lateral malleolus were covered by a good granulating tissue. There was no infectious complication. All the wounds healed with a split thickness skin graft. The cost of the procedure per patient ranged from 65 to 85 US Dollars. Domestic material for negative pressure has been a reliable technique in the management of traumatic wounds and helped pass down the reconstructive ladder.

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Complex lower extremity injuries pose a significant challenge in terms of management especially when the distal leg is involved. This is compounded by the fact that many patients in this environment who sustain fractures present to traditional bone setters before presenting to the hospital often with complications. We present a 26 year old man with severe right leg injury following a road traffic accident who presented to us at Ntasiobi Specialist Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria for amputation through a traditional bonesetter. He had comminuted fractures of the tibia and fibula with periosteal stripping and an extensive soft tissue loss affecting the distal ½ and about ⅔ of the circumference of the right leg. This degree of injury required free flap reconstruction which was not feasible. We used external fixator to stabilize the bones and improvised negative pressure dressing with a delayed distally based posterior calf fasciocutaneous flap for wound cover. The limb was salvaged though with some challenges but patient was satisfied with the outcome.

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Background: The development of hand surgery in our subregion is still very much in its infancy. At the national level, very little documentation exists on the patterns of hand injuries. This study was aimed at determining the patterns of hand injuries seen in an urban orthopedic hospital in Kano, Kano State, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of 101 cases of hand injuries presenting between April 2009 and April 2010 in the accident and emergency unit was carried out. Results: There were 86 (85.1%) and 15 (14.9%) males and females, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 25.69 ± 14.04 years. Out of all the patients, 55.4% were presented within 6 h of injury. Traumatic amputations and fractures were the commonest types of injury. There was no significant difference between left and right hand involvement in injuries. The triad of occupational injuries, injuries from road accidents, and domestic accidents was the most common. Traditional bone setters played very little role in the prehospital management of injuries. Conclusion: Occupational hand injuries are most common among young working males. Early presentation of the patients and low involvement of traditional bone setters reflect the severity of hand injuries to victims.

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Objective/Purpose: A pilot study to assess the efficacy of compression therapy on the healing rate of chronic leg ulcers (CLUs) in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cohort study of patients with SCA and CLU complication was conducted using simple random sampling method to enroll patients from communities in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 18 patients with SCA having a total of 25 chronic leg ulcers and ankle brachial pressure index >1 were treated with a high compression bandage of four layers on a weekly basis after wound assessment for a period of 3 months. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare wound area at pre- and postintervention. Results: The enrolled patients with SCA were in the age range of 19–44 years, and mean ± SD was 28.8 ± 6.5 years. The initial median ulcer size was 38.4 cm² (range 0.5–416 cm²); 21 leg ulcers (84%) were >10 cm² in size at the beginning of the study. These leg ulcers had been present for a median age of 7 years (range 1–22 years). The compression therapy technique achieved >50% healing rate in 16 legs (64%) with an initial ulcer size of 0.5–312 cm². Four leg ulcers (16%) were completely healed during the study. The postintervention median ulcer size was 18.6 cm² in all the 25 leg ulcers studied (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compression wound therapy promotes a positive healing rate of the CLUs in patients with SCA in Nigeria.

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Objective: To document the clinico-pathological characteristics of skin malignancies seen at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi. Materials and Methods: A 3-year retrospective study of patients with histologically-confirmed skin cancers presenting to our institution from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2015 was done. Relevant data was extracted from the patients' records and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Records were available for 43 patients with a mean age of 46 ± 18 years. There were 21 males and 22 females with a male:female ratio of approximately 1:1. Squamous cell carcinomas were the most common histologic type seen (44.2%) followed by melanoma and Kaposi's sarcoma (25.6% each) while basal cell carcinomas accounted for 4.7%. Farmers (37.2%) and artisans (23.3%) were the most common occupations seen. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients accounted for 27.9% of the total and albinos 18.6%. Majority of the patients (60.4%) had history of prolonged exposure to sunlight with little regard for protective measures. The average duration of symptoms before presentation was 28 ± 33 months. Conclusion: The study suggested an association between skin cancer and prolonged, unprotected exposure to sunlight on one hand and HIV infection on the other. It highlights the need to promote basic preventive measures.

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